RFC1354
Network Working Group F. Baker Request For Comments: 1354 ACC
July 1992
IP Forwarding Table MIB
Status of this Memo
This RFC specifies an IAB standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in TCP/IP-based internets. In particular, it defines objects for managing routes in the IP Internet.
It is proposed that the ipRouteTable defined by MIB-II (RFC 1213) be deprecated and replaced with this table. This adds the ability to set or display multi-path routes, and varying routes by network management policy.
Contents
The Network Management Framework
The Internet-standard Network Management Framework consists of three components. They are:
RFC 1155 which defines the SMI, the mechanisms used for describing and naming objects for the purpose of management. RFC 1212 defines a
more concise description mechanism, which is wholly consistent with the SMI.
RFC 1156 which defines MIB-I, the core set of managed objects for the Internet suite of protocols. RFC 1213 defines MIB-II, an evolution of MIB-I based on implementation experience and new operational requirements.
RFC 1157 which defines the SNMP, the protocol used for network access to managed objects.
The Framework permits new objects to be defined for the purpose of experimentation and evaluation.
Objects
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed the Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are defined using the subset of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) [7] defined in the SMI. In particular, each object has a name, a syntax, and an encoding. The name is an object identifier, an administratively assigned name, which specifies an object type. The object type together with an object instance serves to uniquely identify a specific instantiation of the object. For human convenience, we often use a textual string, termed the OBJECT DESCRIPTOR, to also refer to the object type.
The syntax of an object type defines the abstract data structure corresponding to that object type. The ASN.1 language is used for this purpose. However, the SMI [3] purposely restricts the ASN.1 constructs which may be used. These restrictions are explicitly made for simplicity.
The encoding of an object type is simply how that object type is represented using the object type's syntax. Implicitly tied to the notion of an object type's syntax and encoding is how the object type is represented when being transmitted on the network.
The SMI specifies the use of the basic encoding rules of ASN.1 [8], subject to the additional requirements imposed by the SNMP.
Format of Definitions
Section 4 contains contains the specification of all object types contained in this MIB module. The object types are defined using the conventions defined in the SMI, as amended by the extensions specified in [9].
Overview
Structure of MIB
The IP Forwarding Table is quite analogous to the older ipRoute Table. The principal differences are:
(1) It is somewhat re-organized, for aesthetic reasons,
(2) It has the Next Hop Autonomous System Number, useful
primarily to the administrators of regional networks,
(3) It is instanced by Policy and Next Hop as well as by
ultimate destination. Thus, multiple multipath routes
can be managed, not just a single route, along with the
circumstances under which the any given route might be
chosen.
Definitions
RFC1354-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
Gauge, IpAddress
FROM RFC1155-SMI
mib-2, ip
FROM RFC1213-MIB
OBJECT-TYPE
FROM RFC-1212;
-- This MIB module uses the extended OBJECT-TYPE macro as
-- defined in [9].
ipForward OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ip 24 }
ipForwardNumber OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge
ACCESS read-only
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"The number of current ipForwardTable entries
that are not invalid."
::= { ipForward 1 }
-- IP Forwarding Table
-- The IP Forwarding Table obsoletes and replaces the ipRoute -- Table current in MIB-I and MIB-II. It adds knowledge of
-- the autonomous system of the next hop, multiple next hop -- support, and policy routing support.
ipForwardTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF IpForwardEntry
ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"This entity's IP Routing table."
REFERENCE
"RFC 1213 Section 6.6, The IP Group"
::= { ipForward 2 }
ipForwardEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpForwardEntry
ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"A particular route to a particular destina-
tion, under a particular policy."
INDEX {
ipForwardDest,
ipForwardProto,
ipForwardPolicy,
ipForwardNextHop
}
::= { ipForwardTable 1 }
IpForwardEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
ipForwardDest
IpAddress,
ipForwardMask
IpAddress,
ipForwardPolicy
INTEGER,
ipForwardNextHop
IpAddress,
ipForwardIfIndex
INTEGER,
ipForwardType
INTEGER,
ipForwardProto
INTEGER,
ipForwardAge
INTEGER,
ipForwardInfo
OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
ipForwardNextHopAS
INTEGER,
ipForwardMetric1
INTEGER,
ipForwardMetric2
INTEGER,
ipForwardMetric3
INTEGER,
ipForwardMetric4
INTEGER,
ipForwardMetric5
INTEGER
}
ipForwardDest OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
ACCESS read-only
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"The destination IP address of this route. An
entry with a value of 0.0.0.0 is considered a
default route.
This object may not take a Multicast (Class D)
address value.
Any assignment (implicit or otherwise) of an
instance of this object to a value x must be
rejected if the bitwise logical-AND of x with
the value of the corresponding instance of the
ipForwardMask object is not equal to x."
::= { ipForwardEntry 1 }
ipForwardMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"Indicate the mask to be logical-ANDed with the
destination address before being compared to
the value in the ipForwardDest field. For
those systems that do not support arbitrary
subnet masks, an agent constructs the value of
the ipForwardMask by reference to the IP Ad-
dress Class.
Any assignment (implicit or otherwise) of an
instance of this object to a value x must be
rejected if the bitwise logical-AND of x with
the value of the corresponding instance of the
ipForwardDest object is not equal to ipForward-
Dest."
DEFVAL { '00000000'h } -- 0.0.0.0
::= { ipForwardEntry 2 }
-- The following convention is included for specification
-- of TOS Field contents. At this time, the Host Requirements
-- and the Router Requirements documents disagree on the width
-- of the TOS field. This mapping describes the Router
-- Requirements mapping, and leaves room to widen the TOS field
-- without impact to fielded systems.
ipForwardPolicy OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
ACCESS read-only
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"The general set of conditions that would cause
the selection of one multipath route (set of
next hops for a given destination) is referred
to as 'policy'.
Unless the mechanism indicated by ipForwardPro-
to specifies otherwise, the policy specifier is
the IP TOS Field. The encoding of IP TOS is as
specified by the following convention. Zero
indicates the default path if no more specific
policy applies.
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | | |
| PRECEDENCE | TYPE OF SERVICE | 0 |
| | | |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
IP TOS IP TOS
Field Policy Field Policy
Contents Code Contents Code
0 0 0 0 ==> 0 0 0 0 1 ==> 2
0 0 1 0 ==> 4 0 0 1 1 ==> 6
0 1 0 0 ==> 8 0 1 0 1 ==> 10
0 1 1 0 ==> 12 0 1 1 1 ==> 14
1 0 0 0 ==> 16 1 0 0 1 ==> 18
1 0 1 0 ==> 20 1 0 1 1 ==> 22
1 1 0 0 ==> 24 1 1 0 1 ==> 26
1 1 1 0 ==> 28 1 1 1 1 ==> 30
Protocols defining 'policy' otherwise must ei-
ther define a set of values which are valid for
this object or must implement an integer-
instanced policy table for which this object's
value acts as an index."
::= { ipForwardEntry 3 }
ipForwardNextHop OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
ACCESS read-only
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"On remote routes, the address of the next sys-
tem en route; Otherwise, 0.0.0.0."
::= { ipForwardEntry 4 }
ipForwardIfIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"The ifIndex value which identifies the local
interface through which the next hop of this
route should be reached."
DEFVAL { 0 }
::= { ipForwardEntry 5 }
ipForwardType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
other (1), -- not specified by this MIB
invalid (2), -- logically deleted
local (3), -- local interface
remote (4) -- remote destination
}
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"The type of route. Note that local(3) refers
to a route for which the next hop is the final
destination; remote(4) refers to a route for
which the next hop is not the final destina-
tion.
Setting this object to the value invalid(2) has
the effect of invalidating the corresponding
entry in the ipForwardTable object. That is,
it effectively disassociates the destination
identified with said entry from the route iden-
tified with said entry. It is an
implementation-specific matter as to whether
the agent removes an invalidated entry from the
table. Accordingly, management stations must
be prepared to receive tabular information from
agents that corresponds to entries not current-
ly in use. Proper interpretation of such en-
tries requires examination of the relevant ip-
ForwardType object."
DEFVAL { invalid }
::= { ipForwardEntry 6 }
ipForwardProto OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
other (1), -- not specified
local (2), -- local interface
netmgmt (3), -- static route
icmp (4), -- result of ICMP Redirect
-- the following are all dynamic
-- routing protocols
egp (5), -- Exterior Gateway Protocol
ggp (6), -- Gateway-Gateway Protocol
hello (7), -- FuzzBall HelloSpeak
rip (8), -- Berkeley RIP or RIP-II
is-is (9), -- Dual IS-IS
es-is (10), -- ISO 9542
ciscoIgrp (11), -- Cisco IGRP
bbnSpfIgp (12), -- BBN SPF IGP
ospf (13), -- Open Shortest Path First
bgp (14), -- Border Gateway Protocol
idpr (15) -- InterDomain Policy Routing
}
ACCESS read-only
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"The routing mechanism via which this route was
learned. Inclusion of values for gateway rout-
ing protocols is not intended to imply that
hosts should support those protocols."
::= { ipForwardEntry 7 }
ipForwardAge OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
ACCESS read-only
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"The number of seconds since this route was
last updated or otherwise determined to be
correct. Note that no semantics of `too old'
can be implied except through knowledge of the
routing protocol by which the route was
learned."
DEFVAL { 0 }
::= { ipForwardEntry 8 }
ipForwardInfo OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"A reference to MIB definitions specific to the
particular routing protocol which is responsi-
ble for this route, as determined by the value
specified in the route's ipForwardProto value.
If this information is not present, its value
should be set to the OBJECT IDENTIFIER { 0 0 },
which is a syntactically valid object identif-
ier, and any implementation conforming to ASN.1
and the Basic Encoding Rules must be able to
generate and recognize this value."
DEFVAL { { 0 0 } } -- 0.0
::= { ipForwardEntry 9 }
ipForwardNextHopAS OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"The Autonomous System Number of the Next Hop.
When this is unknown or not relevant to the
protocol indicated by ipForwardProto, zero."
DEFVAL { 0 }
::= { ipForwardEntry 10 }
ipForwardMetric1 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"The primary routing metric for this route.
The semantics of this metric are determined by
the routing-protocol specified in the route's
ipForwardProto value. If this metric is not
used, its value should be set to -1."
DEFVAL { -1 }
::= { ipForwardEntry 11 }
ipForwardMetric2 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"An alternate routing metric for this route.
The semantics of this metric are determined by
the routing-protocol specified in the route's
ipForwardProto value. If this metric is not
used, its value should be set to -1."
DEFVAL { -1 }
::= { ipForwardEntry 12 }
ipForwardMetric3 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"An alternate routing metric for this route.
The semantics of this metric are determined by
the routing-protocol specified in the route's
ipForwardProto value. If this metric is not
used, its value should be set to -1."
DEFVAL { -1 }
::= { ipForwardEntry 13 }
ipForwardMetric4 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"An alternate routing metric for this route.
The semantics of this metric are determined by
the routing-protocol specified in the route's
ipForwardProto value. If this metric is not
used, its value should be set to -1."
DEFVAL { -1 }
::= { ipForwardEntry 14 }
ipForwardMetric5 OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
ACCESS read-write
STATUS mandatory
DESCRIPTION
"An alternate routing metric for this route.
The semantics of this metric are determined by
the routing-protocol specified in the route's
ipForwardProto value. If this metric is not
used, its value should be set to -1."
DEFVAL { -1 }
::= { ipForwardEntry 15 }
END
Acknowledgements
This document was produced by the Router Requirements Working Group, of which Phil Almquist is the chair.
Chris Gunner (DEC) and Keith McCloghrie (Hughes LAN Systems) made significant comments on it, and it is better for their input.
References
[1] Cerf, V., "IAB Recommendations for the Development of Internet
Network Management Standards", RFC 1052, NRI, April 1988.
[2] Cerf, V., "Report of the Second Ad Hoc Network Management Review
Group", RFC 1109, NRI, August 1989.
[3] Rose M., and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of
Management Information for TCP/IP-based internets", RFC 1155, Performance Systems International, Hughes LAN Systems, May 1990.
[4] McCloghrie K., and M. Rose, "Management Information Base for
Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets", RFC 1156, Hughes LAN Systems, Performance Systems International, May 1990.
[5] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M., and J. Davin, "Simple
Network Management Protocol", RFC 1157, SNMP Research, Performance Systems International, Performance Systems International, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, May 1990.
[6] McCloghrie K., and M. Rose, Editors, "Management Information
Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets", RFC
1213, Performance Systems International, March 1991.
[7] Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection -
Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1),
International Organization for Standardization, International
Standard 8824, December 1987.
[8] Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection -
Specification of Basic Encoding Rules for Abstract Notation One
(ASN.1), International Organization for Standardization,
International Standard 8825, December 1987.
[9] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, Editors, "Concise MIB Definitions",
RFC 1212, Performance Systems International, Hughes LAN Systems, March 1991.
[10] McCloghrie K., and M. Rose, Editors, "Management Information
Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets", RFC
1213, Performance Systems International, March 1991.
[11] Baker, F., and R. Coltun, "OSPF Version 2 Management Information
Base", RFC 1253, ACC, Computer Science Center, August 1991.
Security Considerations
Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
Author's Address
Fred Baker Advanced Computer Communications 315 Bollay Drive Santa Barbara, CA 93117-6014
Phone: (805) 685-4455
EMail: [email protected]
