RFC5262
Network Working Group M. Lonnfors Request for Comments: 5262 Nokia Category: Standards Track E. Leppanen
Individual
H. Khartabil
Ericsson Australia
J. Urpalainen
Nokia
September 2008
Presence Information Data Format (PIDF) Extension for Partial Presence
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
The Presence Information Document Format (PIDF) specifies the baseline XML-based format for describing presence information. One of the characteristics of the PIDF is that the document always needs to carry all presence information available for the presentity. In some environments where low bandwidth and high latency links can exist, it is often beneficial to limit the amount of transported information over the network. This document introduces a new MIME type that enables transporting of either only the changed parts or the full PIDF-based presence information.
5.1. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for
Contents
Introduction
The Presence Information Document Format (PIDF) RFC3863 specifies the baseline XML-based format for describing presence information. One of the characteristics of the PIDF is that the document always needs to carry all presence information available for the presentity. In some environments where low bandwidth and high latency links can exist, it is often beneficial to limit the amount of transported information over the network.
This document introduces a new MIME-Type 'application/pidf-diff+xml', which enables transporting of either only the changed parts or the full PIDF based presence information. The root element of the document distinguishes whether the partial or full PIDF document content was transported.
Note: With this new MIME-Type, applications can easily negotiate the support of partial updates of presence by using the Accept header. If PIDF had initially been designed for partial updates, a new separate MIME-Type would have been unnecessary.
Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 RFC2119 and indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations.
This memo makes use of the vocabulary defined in RFC 2778 RFC2778. In addition, the following terms are defined:
Full presence document: A presence document that contains all the
presentity's presence information that is available to a particular watcher.
Partial presence document: A presence document that represents a
fragment of the full presence document. A partial presence document can only be understood in the context of the full presence document, i.e., a partial presence document modifies a cached copy of the full presence document.
Structure of PIDF Diff Documents
The MIME type 'application/pidf-diff+xml' defines the new content type for partial PIDF documents.
The XML Schema imports the PIDF RFC3863 schema so that the full PIDF document content with the addition of a 'version' attribute can be transported. The root element of the document is then <pidf-full>, and the 'version' attribute information can be included within it. Otherwise, the content of <pidf-full> element is exactly the same as what would have been if 'application/pidf+xml' content type had been used. Although the XML Schema also allows using <presence> as the document root element, it is disallowed from applications utilizing this document format.
When only the changes of the presence document are transported, the model described in XML patch operations RFC5261 is used. The root element of the document is then <pidf-diff>. The patch operation elements: <add>, <remove>, and <replace> allow changing the partial content of the cached local copy of the full presence document. The <add> element is used to add new content, the <replace> element updates, and the <remove> element removes existing content.
The optional 'version' attribute within the two possible document root elements contains a sequence number which is incremented by one between subsequent document updates, i.e., a more recent document update has a higher 'version' value than the previous one. This number can be used to ensure consistent updates as the recipient of
the document can use the 'version' number to properly order received documents and to ensure that updates have not been lost. The usage of this attribute thus allows "state delta" processing described in RFC3265. Partial notification RFC5263 uses a similar model. This number increments independently regardless of whether the <pidf-full> or the <pidf-diff> content is transported. In other words, a single version counter is maintained across <pidf-full> and <pidf-diff> documents.
Implementations using this document format MUST follow guidelines specified in the PIDF RFC3863 and PIDF extension formats, for example, DataModel RFC4479, Rich Presence Information Data (RPID) RFC4480, and Contact Information in PIDF (CIPID) RFC4482 MUST support the usage of the XML schema data type ID [W3C.REC-xmlschema-2-20041028] of these listed RFCs. Specifically, the XML document MUST be well formed and SHOULD be valid. This specification makes use of XML namespaces for identifying presence documents and document fragments. The namespace URI for elements defined by this specification is a URN RFC2141, using the namespace identifier 'ietf' specified in RFC 2648 RFC2648 and extended by RFC 3688 RFC3688. This URN is:
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff
'version' Attribute
Every presence document compliant with this specification MAY contain a 'version' attribute within the <pidf-diff> and <pidf-full> element.
'entity' Attribute
Every presence document compliant with this specification MAY contain an 'entity' attribute within the <pidf-diff> element. Its content, a presentity URI, MUST then be the same as the 'entity' attribute value of the <presence> element described in RFC3863. The usage of this presentity URI is described in more detail in Section 3.1 of RFC4479.
Usage of 'application/pidf-diff+xml'
The partial presence document SHOULD only contain those elements or attributes that have changed. However, when there are a lot of changes, the full presence document content can then be transported instead.
IANA Considerations
IANA has performed the following actions:
o registered a new XML namespace URN per RFC3688.
o registered a new MIME type 'application/pidf-diff+xml' according
to the procedures of RFC 4288 RFC4288 and guidelines in RFC 3023 RFC3023.
o registered a new XML Schema according to the procedures of RFC
3688 RFC3688.
URN Sub-Namespace Registration for
'urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff'
This specification registers a new XML namespace, as per the guidelines in RFC 3688 RFC3688.
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff
Description: This is the XML namespace for XML elements defined by RFC 5262 to describe the 'application/pidf-diff+xml' content type for partial PIDF.
Registrant Contact: IETF, SIMPLE working group, ([email protected]) Jari Urpalainen, ([email protected])
XML:
BEGIN <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type"
content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"/>
<title>PIDF extension for partial PIDF</title>
</head>
<body>
Namespace for PIDF extension for partial notifications
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff
See <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5262.txt"> RFC5262</a>.
</body>
</html> END
application/pidf-diff+xml MIME Type
MIME media type name: application
MIME subtype name: pidf-diff+xml
Mandatory parameters: none
Optional parameters: Same as charset parameter of application/xml as specified in RFC 3023 RFC3023. Default value is UTF-8.
Encoding considerations: Same as encoding considerations of application/xml as specified in RFC 3023 RFC3023.
Security considerations: See Section 10 of RFC 3023 RFC3023. This content type is designed to carry presence data, which may be considered private information. Appropriate precautions should be adopted to limit disclosure of this information.
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC 5262
Applications that use this media type: SIP-based presence systems
Additional information:
Magic Number: None
File Extension: .xml
Macintosh file type code: "TEXT"
Personal and email address for further information: Jari Urpalainen, [email protected]
Intended usage: LIMITED USE
Restrictions on usage: Presence RFC3863 based systems.
Author: This specification is a work item of the IETF SIMPLE working group, with mailing list address <[email protected]>.
Author/Change controller: the IETF.
XML Schema Registration
This section calls for IANA to register a new XML Schema, the sole content of which can be found in Section 7.
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:pidf-diff
Registrant Contact: IETF, SIMPLE working group, <[email protected]> Jari Urpalainen, <[email protected]>
Examples
An 'application/pidf-diff+xml' document that contains the full state presence information:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <p:pidf-full xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
xmlns:p="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff" xmlns:r="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid" xmlns:ci="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:cipid" xmlns:c="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:caps" xmlns:dm="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model" entity="pres:[email protected]" version="567">
<tuple id="sg89ae"> <status> <basic>open</basic> </status> <c:servcaps> <c:audio>true</c:audio> <c:message>true</c:message> <c:video>false</c:video> </c:servcaps> <contact priority="0.8">tel:09012345678</contact> </tuple>
<tuple id="cg231jcr"> <status> <basic>open</basic> </status> <contact priority="1.0">im:[email protected]</contact> </tuple>
<tuple id="r1230d"> <status> <basic>closed</basic> </status> <ci:homepage>http://example.com/~pep/</ci:homepage> <ci:icon>http://example.com/~pep/icon.gif</ci:icon> <ci:card>http://example.com/~pep/card.vcd</ci:card> <contact priority="0.9">sip:[email protected]</contact> </tuple>
<note xml:lang="en">Full state presence document</note>
<dm:person id="p123"> <r:activities>
<r:on-the-phone/>
<r:busy/>
</r:activities>
</dm:person>
<dm:device id="u600b40c7">
<c:devcaps>
<c:mobility>
<c:supported>
<c:mobile/>
</c:supported>
</c:mobility>
</c:devcaps>
<dm:deviceID>urn:esn:600b40c7</dm:deviceID>
</dm:device>
</p:pidf-full>
An example partial update document with the <pidf-diff> root element:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <p:pidf-diff
xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf" xmlns:p="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff" xmlns:r="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid" xmlns:d="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model" entity="pres:[email protected]" version="568">
<p:add sel="presence/note" pos="before">
<tuple id="ert4773"> <status> <basic>open</basic> </status> <contact priority="0.4">mailto:[email protected]</contact> <note xml:lang="en">This is a new tuple inserted between the last tuple and person element</note> </tuple>
</p:add>
<p:replace sel="*/tuple[@id='r1230d']/status/basic/text()"
>open</p:replace>
<p:remove sel="*/d:person/r:activities/r:busy" ws="after"/>
<p:replace sel="*/tuple[@id='cg231jcr']/contact/@priority"
>0.7</p:replace>
</p:pidf-diff>
An updated local composition presence document after applying the patches:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <p:pidf-full xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
xmlns:p="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff" xmlns:r="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid" xmlns:ci="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:cipid" xmlns:c="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:caps" xmlns:dm="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model" entity="pres:[email protected]" version="568">
<tuple id="sg89ae"> <status> <basic>open</basic> </status> <c:servcaps> <c:audio>true</c:audio> <c:message>true</c:message> <c:video>false</c:video> </c:servcaps> <contact priority="0.8">tel:09012345678</contact> </tuple>
<tuple id="cg231jcr"> <status> <basic>open</basic> </status> <contact priority="0.7">im:[email protected]</contact> </tuple>
<tuple id="r1230d"> <status> <basic>open</basic> </status> <ci:homepage>http://example.com/~pep/</ci:homepage> <ci:icon>http://example.com/~pep/icon.gif</ci:icon> <ci:card>http://example.com/~pep/card.vcd</ci:card> <contact priority="0.9">sip:[email protected]</contact> </tuple>
<tuple id="ert4773"> <status> <basic>open</basic> </status> <contact priority="0.4">mailto:[email protected]</contact>
<note xml:lang="en">This is a new tuple inserted
between the last tuple and note element</note>
</tuple>
<note xml:lang="en">Full state presence document</note>
<dm:person id="p123"> <r:activities> <r:on-the-phone/> </r:activities> </dm:person>
<dm:device id="u600b40c7">
<c:devcaps>
<c:mobility>
<c:supported>
<c:mobile/>
</c:supported>
</c:mobility>
</c:devcaps>
<dm:deviceID>urn:esn:600b40c7</dm:deviceID>
</dm:device>
</p:pidf-full>
XML Schema
The XML schema for the 'application/pidf-diff+xml' data format. The included schema "urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:xml-patch-ops" is defined in RFC5261, and the PIDF Schema "pidf.xsd" is imported from RFC3863.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsd:schema
targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff" xmlns:tns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff" xmlns:pidf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xsd:include
schemaLocation="urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:patch-ops"/>
<xsd:import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf" schemaLocation="pidf.xsd"/>
<xsd:element name="pidf-diff">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:choice>
<xsd:element name="add" type="tns:add"/>
<xsd:element name="replace" type="tns:replace"/>
<xsd:element name="remove" type="tns:remove"/>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="version" type="xsd:unsignedInt"/>
<xsd:attribute name="entity" type="xsd:anyURI"/>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="pidf-full">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:complexContent>
<xsd:extension base="pidf:presence">
<xsd:attribute name="version" type="xsd:unsignedInt"/>
</xsd:extension>
</xsd:complexContent>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
Interoperability Considerations
Systems compliant with Common Profile for Presence (CPP) RFC3859 will not be by default able to use this specification. However, this will not cause any interoperability problems because all endpoints and gateways must support the default MIME type (application/pidf+xml) regardless of if they support this specification. Thus, if a gateway or another end point does not understand this specification it will not be used. In SIMPLE-based systems, use of this MIME type is negotiated using SIP content type negotiation mechanism as specified in partial notification RFC5263.
Other CPP-compliant (other than SIP-based) systems can also support this specification if they have a mechanism to indicate support for it. If they do, it is possible to build a gateway that will preserve end-to-end integrity with usage of partial PIDF.
Security Considerations
All security considerations identified for PIDF RFC3863 apply unchanged for this document as presence information may contain highly sensitive information. Furthermore, the protocol SHOULD provide authorization policies what presence information can be given to which watchers, and when, see RFC5025.
10. Internationalization Considerations
The PIDF RFC3863 format is represented in XML that performs all character processing in terms of the Universal Character Set (UCS). Conformant XML processors MUST support both UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings of the UCS. UTF-8 is the RECOMMENDED encoding of this partial presence format.
If the character set of the initial <pidf-full> document has been accepted by a receiving application, it MUST continue to accept the same character set with the subsequent <pidf-diff> documents. However, it MUST NOT need to accept a possible character set change.
11. Error Handling
Error conditions MAY be indicated by errors defined in RFC5261. This document doesn't define any additional error elements. If the 'version' or 'entity' attributes have incorrect content, it MAY be indicated by the <invalid-attribute-value> error element.
12. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Jose Costa-Requena, Jyrki Aarnos, Jonathan Rosenberg, Dean Willis, Miguel Garcia, Krisztian Kiss, Ben Cambell, Robert Sparks, Anders Kristenssen, Aki Niemi, Jon Peterson, Gonzalo Camarillo, Lars Eggert, Lakshminath Dondeti, and Chris Newman for their valuable comments and contributions.
13. References
13.1. Normative references
RFC2119 Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
RFC3863 Sugano, H., Fujimoto, S., Klyne, G., Bateman, A., Carr,
W., and J. Peterson, "Presence Information Data Format
(PIDF)", RFC 3863, August 2004.
RFC2141 Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.
RFC2648 Moats, R., "A URN Namespace for IETF Documents", RFC 2648,
August 1999.
RFC3688 Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
January 2004.
RFC3023 Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML Media
Types", RFC 3023, January 2001.
RFC4288 Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and
Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 4288, December 2005.
RFC4479 Rosenberg, J., "A Data Model for Presence", RFC 4479, July
2006.
RFC4480 Schulzrinne, H., Gurbani, V., Kyzivat, P., and J.
Rosenberg, "RPID: Rich Presence Extensions to the Presence
Information Data Format (PIDF)", RFC 4480, July 2006.
RFC4482 Schulzrinne, H., "CIPID: Contact Information for the
Presence Information Data Format", RFC 4482, July 2006.
RFC5261 Urpalainen, J., "An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Patch
Operations Framework Utilizing XML Path Language (XPath)
Selectors", RFC 5261, September 2008.
[W3C.REC-xmlschema-2-20041028]
Malhotra, A. and P. Biron, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes
Second Edition", World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation
REC-xmlschema-2-20041028, October 2004,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028>.
13.2. Informative references
RFC2778 Day, M., Rosenberg, J., and H. Sugano, "A Model for
Presence and Instant Messaging", RFC 2778, February 2000.
RFC3265 Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific
Event Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.
RFC3859 Peterson, J., "Common Profile for Presence (CPP)", RFC
3859, August 2004.
RFC5025 Rosenberg, J., "Presence Authorization Rules", RFC 5025,
December 2007.
RFC5263 Lonnfors, M., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension
for Partial Notification of Presence Information", RFC
5263, September 2008.
Authors' Addresses
Mikko Lonnfors Nokia Itamerenkatu 11-13 00180 Helsinki Finland
Phone: +358 71 8008000 EMail: [email protected]
Eva Leppanen Individual Lempaala Finland
EMail: [email protected]
Hisham Khartabil Ericsson Australia P.O. Box 256c Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
EMail: [email protected]
Jari Urpalainen Nokia Itamerenkatu 11-13 00180 Helsinki Finland
Phone: +358 7180 37686 EMail: [email protected]
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