RFC5487
Network Working Group M. Badra Request for Comments: 5487 CNRS/LIMOS Laboratory Category: Standards Track March 2009
Pre-Shared Key Cipher Suites for TLS with
SHA-256/384 and AES Galois Counter Mode
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document.
This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English.
Abstract
RFC 4279 and RFC 4785 describe pre-shared key cipher suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS). However, all those cipher suites use SHA-1 in their Message Authentication Code (MAC) algorithm. This document describes a set of pre-shared key cipher suites for TLS that uses stronger digest algorithms (i.e., SHA-256 or SHA-384) and another set that uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in Galois Counter Mode (GCM).
2. PSK, DHE_PSK, and RSA_PSK Key Exchange Algorithms with
Contents
Introduction
The benefits of pre-shared symmetric-key vs. public-/private-key pair based authentication for the key exchange in TLS have been explained in the Introduction of RFC4279. This document leverages the already defined algorithms for the application of newer, generally regarded stronger, cryptographic primitives and building blocks.
TLS 1.2 RFC5246 adds support for authenticated encryption with additional data (AEAD) cipher modes RFC5116. This document describes the use of Advanced Encryption Standard [AES] in Galois Counter Mode [GCM] (AES-GCM) with various pre-shared key (PSK) authenticated key exchange mechanisms (RFC4279 and RFC4785) in cipher suites for TLS.
This document also specifies PSK cipher suites for TLS that replace SHA-1 by SHA-256 or SHA-384 [SHS]. RFC 4279 RFC4279 and RFC 4785 RFC4785 describe PSK cipher suites for TLS. However, all of the RFC 4279 and the RFC 4785 cipher suites use HMAC-SHA1 as their MAC algorithm. Due to recent analytic work on SHA-1 [Wang05], the IETF is gradually moving away from SHA-1 and towards stronger hash algorithms.
Related TLS cipher suites with key exchange algorithms that are authenticated using public/private key pairs have recently been specified:
o RSA-, DSS-, and Diffie-Hellman-based cipher suites in RFC5288,
and
o ECC-based cipher suites with SHA-256/384 and AES-GCM in RFC5289.
The reader is expected to become familiar with these two memos prior to studying this document.
Applicability Statement
The cipher suites defined in Section 3 can be negotiated, whatever the negotiated TLS version is.
The cipher suites defined in Section 2 can be negotiated in TLS version 1.2 or higher.
The applicability statement in RFC4279 applies to this document as well.
Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119.
PSK, DHE_PSK, and RSA_PSK Key Exchange Algorithms with AES-GCM
The following six cipher suites use the new authenticated encryption modes defined in TLS 1.2 with AES in Galois Counter Mode [GCM]. The cipher suites with the DHE_PSK key exchange algorithm (TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 and TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA348) provide Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0x00,0xA8};
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0x00,0xA9};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0x00,0xAA};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0x00,0xAB};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0x00,0xAC};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0x00,0xAD};
These cipher suites use authenticated encryption with additional data (AEAD) algorithms, AEAD_AES_128_GCM and AEAD_AES_256_GCM, as described in RFC 5116. GCM is used as described in RFC5288.
The PSK, DHE_PSK, and RSA_PSK key exchanges are performed as defined in RFC4279.
The Pseudo-Random Function (PRF) algorithms SHALL be as follows:
o For cipher suites ending with _SHA256, the PRF is the TLS PRF
RFC5246 with SHA-256 as the hash function.
o For cipher suites ending with _SHA384, the PRF is the TLS PRF
RFC5246 with SHA-384 as the hash function.
Implementations MUST send a TLS Alert 'bad_record_mac' for all types of failures encountered in processing the AES-GCM algorithm.
PSK, DHE_PSK, and RSA_PSK Key Exchange with SHA-256/384
The first two cipher suites described in each of the following three sections use AES [AES] in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode [MODES] for data confidentiality, whereas the other two cipher suites do not provide data confidentiality; all cipher suites provide integrity protection and authentication using HMAC-based MACs.
PSK Key Exchange Algorithm with SHA-256/384
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0x00,0xAE};
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0x00,0xAF};
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB0};
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB1};
The above four cipher suites are the same as the corresponding cipher suites in RFC 4279 and RFC 4785 (with names ending in "_SHA" in place of "_SHA256" or "_SHA384"), except for the hash and PRF algorithms, as explained below.
o For cipher suites with names ending in "_SHA256":
* The MAC is HMAC RFC2104 with SHA-256 as the hash function.
* When negotiated in a version of TLS prior to 1.2, the PRF from
that version is used; otherwise, the PRF is the TLS PRF
RFC5246 with SHA-256 as the hash function.
o For cipher suites with names ending in "_SHA384":
* The MAC is HMAC RFC2104 with SHA-384 as the hash function.
* When negotiated in a version of TLS prior to 1.2, the PRF from
that version is used; otherwise, the PRF is the TLS PRF
RFC5246 with SHA-384 as the hash function.
DHE_PSK Key Exchange Algorithm with SHA-256/384
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB2};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB3};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB4};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB5};
The above four cipher suites are the same as the corresponding cipher suites in RFC 4279 and RFC 4785 (with names ending in "_SHA" in place of "_SHA256" or "_SHA384"), except for the hash and PRF algorithms, as explained in Section 3.1.
RSA_PSK Key Exchange Algorithm with SHA-256/384
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB6};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB7};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB8};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB9};
The above four cipher suites are the same as the corresponding cipher suites in RFC 4279 and RFC 4785 (with names ending in "_SHA" in place of "_SHA256" or "_SHA384"), except for the hash and PRF algorithms, as explained in Section 3.1.
Security Considerations
The security considerations in RFC4279, RFC4785, and RFC5288 apply to this document as well. In particular, as authentication- only cipher suites (with no encryption) defined here do not support confidentiality, care should be taken not to send sensitive information (such as passwords) over connections protected with one of the cipher suites with NULL encryption defined in this document.
IANA Considerations
IANA has assigned the following values for the cipher suites defined in this document:
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0x00,0xA8};
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0x00,0xA9};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0x00,0xAA};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0x00,0xAB};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0x00,0xAC};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0x00,0xAD};
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0x00,0xAE};
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0x00,0xAF};
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB0};
CipherSuite TLS_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB1};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB2};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB3};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB4};
CipherSuite TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB5};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB6};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB7};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA256 = {0x00,0xB8};
CipherSuite TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_NULL_SHA384 = {0x00,0xB9};
Acknowledgments
This document borrows from RFC5289. The author appreciates Alfred Hoenes for his detailed review and effort on resolving issues in discussion. The author would like also to acknowledge Ibrahim Hajjeh, Simon Josefsson, Hassnaa Moustafa, Joseph Salowey, and Pascal Urien for their reviews of the content of the document.
References
Normative References
[AES] National Institute of Standards and Technology,
"Specification for the Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES)", FIPS 197, November 2001.
[GCM] National Institute of Standards and Technology,
"Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) for Confidentiality and
Authentication", SP 800-38D, November 2007.
[MODES] National Institute of Standards and Technology,
"Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation -
Methods and Techniques", SP 800-38A, December 2001.
RFC2104 Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-
Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February 1997.
RFC2119 Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
RFC4279 Eronen, P. and H. Tschofenig, "Pre-Shared Key Ciphersuites
for Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 4279, December 2005.
RFC4785 Blumenthal, U. and P. Goel, "Pre-Shared Key (PSK)
Ciphersuites with NULL Encryption for Transport Layer
Security (TLS)", RFC 4785, January 2007.
RFC5116 McGrew, D., "An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated
Encryption", RFC 5116, January 2008.
RFC5246 Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.
RFC5288 Salowey, J., Choudhury, A., and D. McGrew, "AES Galois
Counter Mode (GCM) Cipher Suites for TLS", RFC 5288, August 2008.
[SHS] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Secure
Hash Standard", FIPS 180-2, August 2002.
Informative References
RFC5289 Rescorla, E., "TLS Elliptic Curve Cipher Suites with SHA-
256/384 and AES Galois Counter Mode (GCM)", RFC 5289, August 2008.
[Wang05] Wang, X., Yin, Y., and H. Yu, "Finding Collisions in the
Full SHA-1", CRYPTO 2005, August 2005.
Author's Address
Mohamad Badra CNRS/LIMOS Laboratory Campus de cezeaux, Bat. ISIMA Aubiere 63170 France
EMail: [email protected]
