RFC7291
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Boucadair Request for Comments: 7291 France Telecom Category: Standards Track R. Penno ISSN: 2070-1721 D. Wing
Cisco
July 2014
DHCP Options for the Port Control Protocol (PCP)
Abstract
This document specifies DHCP (IPv4 and IPv6) options to configure hosts with Port Control Protocol (PCP) server IP addresses. The use of DHCPv4 or DHCPv6 depends on the PCP deployment scenarios. The set of deployment scenarios to which DHCPv4 or DHCPv6 can be applied is outside the scope of this document.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7291.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
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Contents
Introduction
This document defines DHCPv4 RFC2131 and DHCPv6 RFC3315 options that can be used to configure hosts with PCP server RFC6887 IP addresses.
This specification assumes a PCP server is reachable with one or multiple IP addresses. As such, a list of IP addresses can be returned in the DHCP PCP server option.
This specification allows returning one or multiple lists of PCP server IP addresses. This is used as a hint to guide the PCP client when determining whether to send PCP requests to one or multiple PCP servers. Concretely, the PCP client needs an indication to decide whether entries need to be instantiated in all PCP servers (e.g., multi-homing, multiple PCP-controlled devices providing distinct services, etc.) or use one IP address from the list (e.g., redundancy group scenario, proxy-based model, etc.). Refer to [PCP-DEPLOYMENT] for a discussion on PCP deployment scenarios.
For guidelines on how a PCP client can use multiple IP addresses and multiple PCP servers, see [PCP-SERVER].
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 RFC2119.
Terminology
This document makes use of the following terms:
o "PCP server" denotes a functional element that receives and
processes PCP requests from a PCP client. A PCP server can be co-located with or be separated from the function (e.g., NAT, Firewall) it controls. Refer to RFC6887.
o "PCP client" denotes a PCP software instance responsible for
issuing PCP requests to a PCP server. Refer to RFC6887.
o "DHCP" refers to both DHCPv4 RFC2131 and DHCPv6 RFC3315.
o "DHCP client" denotes a node that initiates requests to obtain
configuration parameters from one or more DHCP servers.
o "DHCP server" refers to a node that responds to requests from DHCP
clients.
DHCPv6 PCP Server Option
Format
The DHCPv6 PCP server option can be used to configure a list of IPv6 addresses of a PCP server.
The format of this option is shown in Figure 1.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVER | Option-length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | PCP Server IPv6 Address | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: DHCPv6 PCP Server Option
The fields of the option shown in Figure 1 are as follows:
o Option-code: OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVER (86; see Section 9.1)
o Option-length: Length of the "PCP Server IPv6 Address(es)" field
in octets. MUST be a multiple of 16.
o PCP Server IPv6 Addresses: Includes one or more IPv6 addresses
RFC4291 of the PCP server to be used by the PCP client. Note, IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses (Section 2.5.5.2 of RFC4291) are allowed to be included in this option.
To return more than one PCP server to the DHCPv6 client (as opposed to more than one address for a single PCP server), the DHCPv6 server returns multiple instances of OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVER.
DHCPv6 Client Behavior
To discover one or more PCP servers, the DHCPv6 client requests PCP server IP addresses by including OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVER in an Option Request Option (ORO), as described in Section 22.7 of RFC3315.
The DHCPv6 client MUST be prepared to receive multiple instances of OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVER; each instance is to be treated as a separate PCP server.
If an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address is received in OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVER, it indicates that the PCP server has the corresponding IPv4 address.
Note: When presented with the IPv4-mapped prefix, current versions of Windows and Mac OS generate IPv4 packets but will not send IPv6 packets RFC6052. Representing IPv4 addresses as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses follows the same logic as in Section 5 of RFC6887.
The DHCPv6 client MUST silently discard multicast and host loopback addresses RFC6890 conveyed in OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVER.
DHCPv4 PCP Option
Format
The DHCPv4 PCP server option can be used to configure a list of IPv4 addresses of a PCP server. The format of this option is illustrated in Figure 2.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Code | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| List-Length | List of |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ PCP Server |
/ IPv4 Addresses /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ---
| List-Length | List of | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ PCP Server | |
/ IPv4 Addresses / |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
. ... . optional
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| List-Length | List of | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ PCP Server | |
/ IPv4 Addresses / |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ---
Figure 2: DHCPv4 PCP Server Option
The descriptions of the fields are as follows:
o Code: OPTION_V4_PCP_SERVER (158; see Section 9.2);
o Length: Length of all included data in octets. The minimum length
is 5.
o List-Length: Length of the "List of PCP Server IPv4 Addresses"
field in octets. MUST be a multiple of 4.
o List of PCP Server IPv4 Addresses: Contains one or more IPv4
addresses of the PCP server to be used by the PCP client. The format of this field is shown in Figure 3.
0 8 16 24 32 40 48
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
IPv4 Address 1 IPv4 Address 2 ...
This format assumes that an IPv4 address is encoded as a1.a2.a3.a4.
Figure 3: Format of the List of PCP Server IPv4 Addresses
OPTION_V4_PCP_SERVER can include multiple lists of PCP server IPv4 addresses; each list is treated as a separate PCP server. When several lists of PCP server IPv4 addresses are to be included, the
"List-Length" and "List of PCP Server IPv4 Addresses" fields are repeated.
OPTION_V4_PCP_SERVER is a concatenation-requiring option. As such, the mechanism specified in RFC3396 MUST be used if OPTION_V4_PCP_SERVER exceeds the maximum DHCPv4 option size of 255 octets.
DHCPv4 Client Behavior
To discover one or more PCP servers, the DHCPv4 client requests PCP server IP addresses by including OPTION_V4_PCP_SERVER in a Parameter Request List option RFC2132.
The DHCPv4 client MUST be prepared to receive multiple lists of PCP server IPv4 addresses in the same DHCPv4 PCP server option; each list is to be treated as a separate PCP server.
The DHCPv4 client MUST silently discard multicast and host loopback addresses RFC6890 conveyed in OPTION_V4_PCP_SERVER.
DHCP Server Configuration Guidelines
DHCP servers supporting the DHCP PCP server option can be configured with a list of IP addresses of the PCP server(s). If multiple IP addresses are configured, the DHCP server MUST be explicitly configured whether all or some of these addresses refer to:
1. the same PCP server: the DHCP server returns multiple addresses
in the same instance of the DHCP PCP server option.
2. distinct PCP servers: the DHCP server returns multiple lists of
PCP server IP addresses to the requesting DHCP client (encoded as multiple OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVERs or in the same OPTION_V4_PCP_SERVER); each list is referring to a distinct PCP server. For example, multiple PCP servers may be configured to a PCP client in some deployment contexts such as multi-homing. It is out of the scope of this document to enumerate all deployment scenarios that require multiple PCP servers to be returned.
Precisely how DHCP servers are configured to separate lists of IP addresses according to which PCP server they address is out of the scope of this document. However, DHCP servers MUST NOT combine the IP addresses of multiple PCP servers and return them to the DHCP client as if they belong to a single PCP server, and DHCP servers MUST NOT separate the addresses of a single PCP server and return them as if they belong to distinct PCP servers. For example, if an administrator configures the DHCP server by providing a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) for a PCP server, even if that FQDN resolves to multiple addresses, the DHCP server MUST deliver them within a single server address block.
DHCPv6 servers that implement this option and that can populate the option by resolving FQDNs will need a mechanism for indicating whether to query for A records or only AAAA records. When a query returns A records, the IP addresses in those records are returned in the DHCPv6 response as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses.
Discussion: The motivation for this design is to accommodate deployment cases where an IPv4 connectivity service is provided while only DHCPv6 is in use (e.g., an IPv4-only PCP server in a Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite) context RFC6333).
Since this option requires support for IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, a DHCPv6 server implementation will not be complete if it does not query for A records and represent any that are returned as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses in DHCPv6 responses. This behavior is neither required nor suggested for DHCPv6 options in general: it is specific to OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVER. The mechanism whereby DHCPv6 implementations provide this functionality is beyond the scope of this document.
For guidelines on providing context-specific configuration information (e.g., returning a regional-based configuration) and information on how a DHCP server might be configured with FQDNs that get resolved on demand, see [DHC-CONFIG].
Dual-Stack Hosts
A dual-stack host might receive a PCP server option via both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6. For guidance on how a DHCP client can handle PCP server IP lists for the same network but obtained via different mechanisms, see [PCP-SERVER].
Hosts with Multiple Interfaces
A host may have multiple network interfaces (e.g., 3G, IEEE 802.11, etc.), each configured differently. Each PCP server learned MUST be associated with the interface via which it was learned.
Refer to [PCP-SERVER] and Section 8.4 of RFC6887 for more discussion on multi-interface considerations.
Security Considerations
The security considerations in RFC2131 and RFC3315 are to be considered. PCP-related security considerations are discussed in RFC6887.
The PCP server option defined here is applicable when operating under the simple threat model (Section 18.1 of RFC6887). Operation under the advanced threat model (Section 18.2 of RFC6887) may or may not be appropriate; analysis of this question is out of the scope of this document.
IANA Considerations
DHCPv6 Option
IANA has assigned the following new DHCPv6 Option Code in the registry maintained in <http://www.iana.org/assignments/dhcpv6-parameters>:
Option Name Value
-------------------- -----
OPTION_V6_PCP_SERVER 86
DHCPv4 Option
IANA has assigned the following new DHCPv4 Option Code in the registry maintained in <http://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters>:
Option Name Tag Data Length Meaning
--- ----------- --------------------------------
OPTION_V4_PCP_SERVER 158 Variable; Includes one or multiple lists
the minimum of PCP server IP addresses; each
length is list is treated as a separate
5. PCP server.
10. Acknowledgements
Many thanks to C. Jacquenet, R. Maglione, D. Thaler, T. Mrugalski, T. Reddy, S. Cheshire, M. Wasserman, C. Holmberg, A. Farrel, S. Farrel, B. Haberman, and P. Resnick for their review and comments.
Special thanks to T. Lemon and B. Volz for their reviews and their efforts to enhance this specification.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
RFC2119 Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
RFC2131 Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC
2131, March 1997.
RFC2132 Alexander, S. and R. Droms, "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor
Extensions", RFC 2132, March 1997.
RFC3315 Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C.,
and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for
IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
RFC3396 Lemon, T. and S. Cheshire, "Encoding Long Options in the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4)", RFC 3396, November 2002.
RFC4291 Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.
RFC6887 Wing, D., Cheshire, S., Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and P.
Selkirk, "Port Control Protocol (PCP)", RFC 6887, April 2013.
RFC6890 Cotton, M., Vegoda, L., Bonica, R., and B. Haberman,
"Special-Purpose IP Address Registries", BCP 153, RFC 6890, April 2013.
11.2. Informative References
[DHC-CONFIG]
Lemon, T. and T. Mrugalski, "Customizing DHCP
Configuration on the Basis of Network Topology", Work in
Progress, February 2014.
[PCP-DEPLOYMENT]
Boucadair, M., "Port Control Protocol (PCP) Deployment
Models", Work in Progress, April 2014.
[PCP-SERVER]
Boucadair, M., Penno, R., Wing, D., Patil, P., and T.
Reddy, "PCP Server Selection", Work in Progress, April
2014.
RFC6052 Bao, C., Huitema, C., Bagnulo, M., Boucadair, M., and X.
Li, "IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators", RFC 6052, October 2010.
RFC6333 Durand, A., Droms, R., Woodyatt, J., and Y. Lee, "Dual-
Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4
Exhaustion", RFC 6333, August 2011.
Authors' Addresses
Mohamed Boucadair France Telecom Rennes 35000 France
EMail: [email protected]
Reinaldo Penno Cisco USA
EMail: [email protected]
Dan Wing Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, California 95134 USA
EMail: [email protected]
